Constructed primarily from stone, mud, wood, and sand, both the houses and the palace boast flat roofs made from poplar beams, willow branches, grass piles, mud, and earth. This roofing composition provides effective thermal insulation, as noted by Desai et al. (2016, p. 17).

During my exploration, I observed that windows and doors play a crucial role in defining the architectural aesthetic of Leh. Crafted predominantly from wood, they exhibit distinctive lintels adorned with intricate corbelled elements, adding to their visual appeal. Additionally, certain windows and doors feature elaborate latticework or screens known as “panjari” or “pinjkari,” serving both decorative and functional purposes, similar to shutters that can be easily opened and closed for convenience (Shah, 2022). Paolo Ferrari (2018, p. 151) suggests that the design of "panjaris" may have an Islamic influence, given their resemblance to the “mujarabieh” commonly seen in Islamic architecture. Furthermore, Ferrari notes that artisans from Kashmir and Baltistan, predominantly Muslim regions, are responsible for the crafting of these pieces.